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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003) - Sao Tome and Principe (2003)
Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003) z Sao Tome and Principe (2003)
| Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003) | Sao Tome and Principe (2003) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome
note: Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995 |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years: 47.7% (male 42,480; female 41,411)
15-64 years: 48.3% (male 41,043; female 43,986) 65 years and over: 4% (male 3,197; female 3,766) (2003 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish |
| Airports | - | 2 (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total: 5 sq km
land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island |
total: 1,001 sq km
land: 1,001 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | more than five times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. | Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy. |
| Birth rate | - | 41.87 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues: $58 million
expenditures: $114 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (1993 est.) |
| Capital | - | Sao Tome |
| Climate | tropical | tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) |
| Coastline | 74.1 km | 209 km |
| Constitution | - | approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands
conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands |
conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe local short form: Sao Tome e Principe |
| Currency | - | dobra (STD) |
| Death rate | - | 7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $253.8 million (2000) |
| Dependency status | territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of Australia) | the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of Australia) | Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022, telephone [1] (212) 317-0580 |
| Disputes - international | nationalist group in Indonesia reportedly seeks to populate reefs to assert claims; Australia has moved to close reefs to Indonesian traditional fishing and to create a national park while prospecting for hydrocarbons in the vicinity | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program |
| Economy - overview | no economic activity | This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 28 years ago. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices brighten prospects for 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Sao Tome's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who pledged increased assistance in 2001. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic that substantial petroleum discoveries are forthcoming in its territorial waters in the oil-rich waters of the Gulf of Guinea; production could begin as early as 2004. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 15.81 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production | - | 17 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 41.2%
hydro: 58.8% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 3 m |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | - | mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese) |
| Exchange rates | - | dobras per US dollar - NA (2002), 8,842.11 (2001), 7,978.17 (2000), 7,118.96 (1999), 6,883.24 (1998) |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001)
head of government: Prime Minister Maria das NEVES (since 7 October 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 July 2001 (next to be held NA July 2006); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president in Sao Tome's third multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - NA% |
| Exports | - | NA (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | - | cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil |
| Exports - partners | - | Netherlands 30.1%, Poland 11.8%, Canada 9.7%, Germany 7.5%, Philippines 7.5%, Spain 7.5%, Belgium 6.5%, France 4.3%, Portugal 4.3% (2002) |
| Fiscal year | - | calendar year |
| Flag description | the flag of Australia is used | three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $200 million (2002 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture: 25%
industry: 10% services: 65% (1999 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2002 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | 4% (2002 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 12 14 S, 123 05 E | 1 00 N, 7 00 E |
| Geography - note | Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 | the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous |
| Highways | - | total: 320 km
paved: 218 km unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | - | NA (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | - | machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products |
| Imports - partners | - | Portugal 51.4%, Germany 10.1%, UK 7.6%, Belgium 6.3% (2002) |
| Independence | - | 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | NA% |
| Industries | - | light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber |
| Infant mortality rate | - | total: 46.04 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 48.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 43.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 9% (2002 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 1 (2002) |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1998 est.) | 100 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly) |
| Labor force | - | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing
note: shortages of skilled workers |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.) |
arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 41% other: 57% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | - | Portuguese (official) |
| Legal system | the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply | based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 3 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - MLSTP 39.6%, Force for Change Democratic Movement 39.4%, Ue-Kedadji coalition 16.2%; seats by party - MLSTP 24, Force for Change Democratic Movement 23, Ue-Kedadji coalition 8 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population: 66.28 years
male: 64.79 years female: 67.82 years (2003 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 79.3% male: 85% female: 62% (1991 est.) |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia, south of the Indonesian half of Timor island | Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Africa |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone: 12 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | - | total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 78,595 GRT/99,873 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 15, chemical tanker 1, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Egypt 1, Greece 1, Kenya 1, Portugal 1, Syria 1, Turkey 1 (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force | - |
| Military branches | - | Army, Navy, Security Police |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $400,000 (FY01) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 0.8% (FY01) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 36,905 (2003 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 19,443 (2003 est.) |
| National holiday | - | Independence Day, 12 July (1975) |
| Nationality | - | noun: Sao Tomean(s)
adjective: Sao Tomean |
| Natural hazards | surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards | NA |
| Natural resources | fish | fish, hydropower |
| Net migration rate | - | -2.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| People - note | the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem | - |
| Political parties and leaders | - | Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other small parties |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | NA |
| Population | no indigenous inhabitants
note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2003 est.) |
175,883 (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | NA% |
| Population growth rate | - | 3.18% (2003 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | Santo Antonio, Sao Tome |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | - | Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist) |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment: adequate facilities
domestic: minimal system international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 4,600 (2000) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 6,942 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 2 (2002) |
| Terrain | low with sand and coral | volcanic, mountainous |
| Total fertility rate | - | 5.88 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | NA% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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